WOMEN ENPOWERMENT NVSSURYANARAYANA * ** *** G. HIMABINDU NVSBRAMARAMBA
The term “empowerment” became one of developing the most common terms. Women’s groups, NGOs, development organizations, activists, politicians, governments and international organizations refer to one of the goals of empowerment. But it is one of the least in terms of how it is measured or observed to be understood. Just because the word has become one of the most elegant approaches have been used to clarify the contractual / program / project, it is necessary, and with a provisional definition.
The women are engaged more than 50% of the population, most of the work (two thirds), but only one tenth of total income received rather than men. The working hours of women more than men, often 12-16 hours per day. In addition to their domestic responsibilities in child care, women are responsible for housework, such as. need to obtain firewood, water and cooking and hard work that plows and rakes, seeding, harvesting and transplanting of women “suffer – Next ->. are also food and two-thirds of them anemic education of rural women lack of sex and ill health due to frequent pregnancies. Improve illiterate women in particular lack of information on balanced nutrition, family planning, cleaning, and other information to their health and quality of life. They have a low status and low paid jobs, posts lower economic growth, making them less sensitive and lack of confidence. You have a few books and a little time, so they do not read to appreciate the benefits of reading and have no motivation to read.
concept of empowerment:
Accountability has become a popular word in fields as diverse as management and unions, and health. Ecology, banking and education, we hear of empowerment takes place. The popular use of the word also means that it overflowed and applied to the circumstances that are clearly not about electricity purchase more than one activity or a symbolic event. There is also a concept that was not only a personal identity, but provides a more complete analysis of human rights and social justice
The concept of empowerment as overused in recent years that it .! – Next Page -> now a real danger of being co-opted as a “buzzword of development” that meet the same fate that terms such as “decentralization”, “popular participation” etc. After the experiment, a literature review, Shetty (1992) is the conclusion that empowerment is simply “Intuit” but difficult to define. But while it may be difficult to define, we can understand its meaning when we see the manifestation of what it means. “As an authorized person is one who has a sense of confidence and experience self-esteem, a person with a critical analysis of its social and political environment, a person who is able to take control of decisions concerning his training life. “An attempt to examine in this paper as a literacy campaign led to the emancipation of women did. The kind of empowerment, it is difficult to define. On the one hand, it is often referred to as a destination for many development programs / projects. On the other hand, it can also be a process that people learn what will ultimately be realized. Changes Nelly Stromquist, for example, empowerment is defined as ” the process of distribution of power in interpersonal relationships and homes by the change of society, “while Lucy Lazo <-! next page -> describes it as” a process of acquisition, deployment, presentation resources and the means or enabling access to the control of these funds and resources. ”
is the term of the foregoing, therefore, most marginalized of the poor, illiterate, indigenous communities and of course in these categories of women. Namtip Aksornkool look at the individual level, when she quotes the definition of empowerment Paz as “the ability to direct and control their own lives.” “It is a process in which women control over their lives through knowledge and assert their rights at all levels of society on the international scene at the local and average households. Self-empowerment that women gain autonomy from the situation, their own agenda and participate fully in economic, political and social decision-making. “
To add the complex nature of empowerment, it was also that it is difficult to find a general definition, as it could be somehow determined by their particular cultural context. The relativity of empowerment, but in another sense, is one of the most important functions in the log Ms.Lazo ‘discusses She argues that “empowerment is a dynamic state; <- Next -> He is a continuum in the degree of .. power varies, it is relatively … You can switch from one extreme state of absolute lack of power, the other extreme, with absolute power, “Empowerment can have four components: .. cognitive, psychological, economic and political
After Ms.Stromquist the cognitive component would include “women are their conditions of subordination and the causes of these conditions on the understanding of micro and macro levels of society. It acts to acquire new knowledge, contribute to a different understanding of the creation of gender relations and the destruction of old beliefs that structure powerful gender ideologies development of feelings that women can do to improve their condition. “The psychological component of the other would too. “This means that the formation of the conviction that change efforts successful.”
According to the economic Stromquist “requires that women be able to productive activity, allow them some autonomy will intervene, regardless of size and difficult to get in early. “The case study shows how using Ms.Lazo socio-economic (through provision of revolving funds, marketing support and product development) contributed to the <-! Next Page ->. Establishment of micro ventures led by women
include
The political component is the ability to organize “and to mobilize for change. This is a process of empowerment must be not only the individual conscience, but the collective consciousness and collective action included. The notion of collective action is essential to achieve the goal of social change “(Stromquist).
It is clear that women are empowered individual, is the feminist vision of A, where women are able to demonstrate collective articulate voice and collective strength. He also stressed that the inclusion of the feminist perspective in the concept of empowerment is a long-term restructuring of enterprises, which will be based on democracy. From discussions on the empowerment of women as with strategic and practical needs Ms.Dighe.
indicators of empowerment:
understand that accountability is a complex problem with different interpretations in different social contexts, national and cultural contexts, there are some indicators list
At the woman and her home.
. Participation in key decision <- - Next!>
. Measuring the division of household labor between men,
. The extent to which a woman takes control of their reproductive functions and to determine family size;
. Extent of the decision of a woman in a position where they need the income to be earned is channeled,
feeling and expression of pride and value their work.
. Self-confidence and self esteem, and
. Ability to prevent violence
In the community / organization level.
. Existence of women’s organizations;
. Allocation of funds for women and their projects;
. Increased number of women holding leadership positions in the village, district, state and national level;
. Women’s participation in the design, development and application of technology
. Participation in community programs, productive enterprises, politics and art
. Inclusion of women in non-traditional tasks
. Increase training programs for women and
. The exercise of their rights if necessary
At the national level:
. Integration of women throughout the National Development Plan <- - Next!>
. Existence of women’s networks and publications;
. The extent to which women are officially recognized and visible, and
. The extent to which the media take the concerns of women.
facilitate the limiting factors and empowerment
Empowerment does not exist in a vacuum. may in the same way that speaks to women Ms.Lazo state of helplessness as a result of a “combination and interaction of environmental factors, you can also discuss the conditions and factors that accelerate or hinder the empowerment. As mentioned above, the list is based on preliminary discussions.
facilitating factors
. Existence of women’s organizations;
. Access Systems support for women
. The availability of data specific to women and other relevant information,
. Availability of funds
. feminist leadership
. Networking,
. favorable media coverage;
. favorable political climate
limiting.
. heavy workload of women;
. The isolation of women from the other;.
. Illiteracy
. Traditional approaches that limit women’s participation
. No funds
. internal disputes / militarization / War <- - next page!>
. disputes / conflicts between groups of women
. structural adjustment measures;
. discriminatory policy environment
. Negative media coverage and sensational
empowerment through education is ideal as an integrated continuous process seen with the cognitive, psychological, economic and political order to achieve emancipation. The complexity of the political, social and international, since you have to think systematically about strategies and concrete proposals for future action, if you hope to achieve this goal.
a) Education
systems of formal and informal should be considered. It would be important to analyze the gender-specific content and how it is addressed to determine / not addressed in the education system. On Based on the analysis of curriculum changes would be brought. It is also important for teachers on gender issues, so overall realignment of gender awareness in the educational system could be made. Specifically, this means
. realignment and rehabilitation of leaders